Bioactive Glass in Tissue Engineering: Progress and Challenges
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چکیده
Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com only osteoconductivity but also osteoinductivity, has attracted much interests in the field of bone tissue engineering but not only. Indeed, the typical silicate bioactive glasses demonstrated to bond to bone more efficiently than any other synthetic materials [1]. However, it was rapidly found that the highly disrupted silica network of bioactive glasses inhibits proper sintering at temperature below its crystallization [2]. Crystallization of bioactive glasses was found to decrease the rate of formation of the hydroxyapatite layer but does not completely suppress it [3]. Peitl et al. [4] demonstrated that even reduced, the bioactivity of a fully crystallized 45S5 bioactive glass remains higher than for pure A/W glass-ceramics [4]. Nonetheless, bioactive glasses were claimed to have great potential due to its ability to release ions beneficial for, but not limited to, wound healing, bone formation, and antimicrobial properties [5]. However, it is note that individual ion leaching is less predictable in fully or partially crystallized glasses as the ion release will depend on the crystal phase, content, dimensionality and more importantly to the composition of the remaining amorphous phase. Furthermore, the dissolution mechanism of the typical bioactive glasses, widely studied by Hench et al. [6] for the glass 45S5 and Andersson et al. [7] for the glass S53P4, is reported to be non-congruent. Such dissolution, leading to the formation of a thick SiO2-rich layer, was found to lead to glass being left behind, unreacted, at the surgical site even 14-years post-surgery [8]. While silica-bioactive glasses products are having great success, such as BonAlive®, Bioglass®, Vitryxx®, just to cite a few, and in a wide range of clinical application ranging from cosmetics to bone regeneration, some of the drawbacks of the existing bioactive glasses should be overcome.
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